Equipment containing water can be deteriorated by inside freezing. Insulation and automatic drain conditions must be checked before the arrival of low temperatures.

含水的設(shè)備可能會由于設(shè)備里的冰而受損。在氣溫降低之前，必須對保溫和自動排水的情況進(jìn)行檢查。

Slipping can be reduced if employees:

要避免滑倒，員工需做到以下一點(diǎn)：

·???????? wear adapted shoes that provide enough traction on the ground

·???????? 穿著合適的能提供足夠附著力的鞋

·???????? take time and pay attention to where they are going

·???????? 花時間關(guān)注一下目的地

·???????? take special care while walking in wet weather and at night and when walking across lawns, parking lots, and walkways. Whenever possible, keep off the grass because, when frozen, it does not provide enough traction to prevent a slip

·???????? 當(dāng)天氣潮濕的晚上，行走在草坪、停車場和人行道上時，要格外的小心。盡可能避開結(jié)冰的草，因為它不能提供足夠的摩擦力來避免滑倒。

·???????? walk on level surfaces whenever possible.

·???????? 盡可能的走在水平的地面上。

·???????? adjust their stride to a pace that is suitable for the walking surface and the tasks they are doing. Take short, flat steps, keeping the heels and soles of the shoes in contact with the soil

·???????? 調(diào)整步伐以適應(yīng)行走路面以及正在進(jìn)行的工作。步幅短且平，保持鞋跟和鞋底與地面的接觸。

·???????? walk with the feet pointed slightly outward

·???????? 走路時腳尖稍稍沖外。

·???????? make wide turns at corners.

·???????? 轉(zhuǎn)彎時盡量拐的大一點(diǎn)。

·???????? take short cuts is dangerous and must be avoided.

·???????? 走捷徑是危險的，應(yīng)當(dāng)被禁止

·???????? Use handrails when available.

·???????? 有扶手時，請使用扶手。

The risk of indoor fires increases during the winter when people spend more time inside and sometimes use standard electric heaters with inadequate electric connections.

冬季更容易發(fā)生室內(nèi)火災(zāi)，因為人們會花更多的時間呆在屋子里，而且有些時候人們雖然使用的是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的電加熱器，但并沒有正確的進(jìn)行連接。

·???????? Plan driving in advance

·???????? 提前對駕駛進(jìn)行計劃

·???????? Avoid driving when tired

·???????? 不要疲勞駕駛

·???????? Check weather conditions before travel

·???????? 臨行前檢查天氣狀況

·???????? Plan arrival time at a destination by taking into account any delays due to slower traffic, reduced visibility, roadblocks, collisions, ...

·???????? 預(yù)計到達(dá)目的地的時間時要考慮一切可能的延誤，如：交通緩慢、能見度低、路障、碰撞，等。

·???????? Warm up vehicle before driving off. It reduces moisture condensing on the inside of the windows.

·???????? 開車前，先著車升溫。這樣可以減低車窗里濕氣的凝結(jié)。

·???????? Never warm up vehicle in a closed garage.

·???????? 不要在關(guān)閉的車庫里預(yù)熱車輛。

·???????? Remove snow and ice from vehicle. It helps to see and also to be seen.

·???????? 清理車上的雪和冰，這樣有助于你的觀察，別人也比較容易注意到你。

·???????? Inspect your windshield wipers to ensure they move freely and make full contact with the windshield, and make sure the windshield washer antifreeze reservoir is full.

·???????? 檢查擋風(fēng)玻璃上的雨刷，保證它們可以正?；顒忧遗c擋風(fēng)玻璃完全接觸，并且要確保擋風(fēng)玻璃的清洗防凍液是滿的。

·???????? Check the strength of car batteries as part of the vehicle maintenance program

·???????? 把汽車電池電量的檢查作為車輛維修保養(yǎng)程序的一部分。

·???????? Buckle up safety belt before driving. Keep safety belt buckled at all times

·???????? 駕駛前帶好安全帶，時時刻刻保持扣緊安全帶。

·???????? Slow down:indicated speed limits are for ideal travel conditions. Driving at reduced speeds is the best precautionary measure against any misfortune while driving on slippery roads

·???????? 減速：最高限速是指在理想的駕駛條件下可以達(dá)到的速度。在濕滑的路面路面上駕駛時，減速是最好的預(yù)防措施。

·???????? Be alert

·???????? 時刻警惕

·???????? Reduce speed while approaching intersections covered with ice or snow

·???????? 當(dāng)接近有冰或雪的十字路口時，一定要減速。

·???????? Allow for extra travelling time or even consider delaying a trip if the weather is inclement

·???????? 如果天氣非常惡劣，應(yīng)延長旅行時間，甚至考慮延誤行程。

·???????? Drive with low-beam headlights on. This makes your vehicle more visible

·???????? 駕駛時請使用近光前燈，這會使別人更容易看到你。

·???????? Lengthen your following distance behind the vehicle ahead of you. Stopping distance on an icy road is double that of stopping on a dry one. For example, from around 50 meters at the speed of 60 km/h, to 100 meters on an icy road surface

·???????? 增大與前車之間的距離。結(jié)冰路面的制動距離是在干燥路面的兩倍，也就是說，以60km/h的速度行駛，如果干燥路面的制動距離是50米的話，那么結(jié)冰路面的制動距離將是100米。

·???????? Stay in the right-hand lane except when passing and use turn signals when changing lanes

·???????? 請呆在右車道除非你要超車，變換車道時請打轉(zhuǎn)向燈。

·???????? Steer with smooth and precise movements. Changing lanes too quickly and jerky steering while braking or accelerating can cause skidding

·???????? 平穩(wěn)且精確得轉(zhuǎn)向?？鞊Q車道和急動轉(zhuǎn)向時的制動或加速可以導(dǎo)致汽車打滑。

·???????? Be aware and slow down when seeing a sign warning a bridge. Steel and concrete bridges are likely to be icy even when there is no ice on the asphalt surface

·???????? 過橋時要格外注意，并要減速。即使瀝青路面上沒有冰，鋼筋混凝土的橋梁也很容易打滑。

·???????? Be patient and pass other cars only when it is safe to do so.

·???????? 行車時要耐心，只有在確保安全的情況下才可以超車。

·???????? If you start to skid, do not brake and do not accelerate

·???????? 當(dāng)你的車開始打滑時，不要剎車，也不要加速。

Drains are particularly exposed to freezing. They must be specifically monitored. They must be totally checked in autumn before the occurrence of freezing temperatures. Shift-leaders must ensure the follow-up and if necessary ask for maintenance. After any shut-down of steam longer than four hours when the temperature is lower than 0 degrees, the condition of the drains must be checked.

導(dǎo)淋管特別容易被凍。必須對它們進(jìn)行專門的檢查。在秋天，當(dāng)冰點(diǎn)溫度到來之前就必須對其進(jìn)行檢查。車間應(yīng)確保發(fā)現(xiàn)問題的解決，必要時要找人維修。當(dāng)溫度低于零攝氏度且關(guān)閉蒸汽超過4小時或更短的時間內(nèi)，必須對導(dǎo)淋進(jìn)行檢查。

Steam and electrical tracers must be listed and checked.

蒸汽和電加熱伴熱必須列表進(jìn)行檢查。

Anti-freezing instructions must be studied and drilled in each plant and complied with when the outside temperature is lower than 0°C. They must include normal operations, specific shut-down procedures of installations or part of installations and stand-by situations. They must apply to all equipment, utility and product lines.

每個車間都要重新學(xué)習(xí)防凍的操作程序并進(jìn)行演練，當(dāng)室外溫度低于零攝氏度時，一定要嚴(yán)格遵守此防凍的操作程序。防凍的操作程序必須包括正常操作、裝置或裝置一部分的關(guān)閉以及全線停車。操作程序必須適合于所有的設(shè)備、公用工程和生產(chǎn)線。

When it is necessary, these instructions must include following items:

必要時，防凍操作程序應(yīng)包括以下內(nèi)容：

·???????? Control and cleaning of steam drains and specific valves

·???????? 蒸汽管道的導(dǎo)淋及疏水器和特殊閥門的管理和排干凈水

·???????? Control of insulation of pipes and equipment

·???????? 管道和設(shè)備的保溫控制

·???????? Control of steam heating pipes and electrical heating

·???????? 蒸汽伴熱和電加熱的控制

·???????? By-pass of specific pipes, pumps and equipment

·???????? 特殊管道、泵和設(shè)備的旁路

·???????? Careful bleed of equipment and drain of pipes during shut-downs or when not used

·???????? 在停車或設(shè)備停用期間，請小心進(jìn)行管道和設(shè)備的排水

If some equipment must be kept at a specific temperature, it will be checked at least one times per hour by shift.

如果某些設(shè)備必須保持在一個特定的溫度時，那么班組至少每小時檢查1次。

Specific measures for water supply of fire-extinguishing devices and safety showers must be set-up.

必須建立起滅火裝置和安全淋浴防凍、正常供水的具體措施。