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安全管理網(wǎng)

穿越地震斷裂帶的管道安全監(jiān)測預警系統(tǒng)

作者:黃建忠 楊永和 劉偉 張照旭 席莎  來源:北京科力華安地質災害監(jiān)測技術有限公司 
評論: 更新日期:2017年04月20日
系統(tǒng)中GPS、應變計、加速度計等傳感器的監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)傳回到控制中心的計算機上,軟件便對所有數(shù)據(jù)進行同步和實時解算。同時,系統(tǒng)傳感器的設置也可通過控制中心的計算機來執(zhí)行。
在電源保障上,因數(shù)據(jù)采集與傳輸子系統(tǒng)硬件均選用低功耗元器件,配備太陽能和蓄電池供電系統(tǒng)便可實現(xiàn)長期野外工作,基本硬件配置如圖5所示。
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4.3 數(shù)據(jù)管理與處理子系統(tǒng)
數(shù)據(jù)管理與處理子系統(tǒng)用于分類管理、計算和保存相關信息數(shù)據(jù),是整個監(jiān)測預警系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)中樞。遠程數(shù)據(jù)采集軟件將數(shù)據(jù)導入數(shù)據(jù)庫后,按監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)類型分別進行數(shù)據(jù)的整理、計算分析和存儲,并在客戶端以數(shù)據(jù)表和趨勢圖的方式展現(xiàn)。同時,數(shù)據(jù)管理與處理子系統(tǒng)還可完成監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)的風險評價分析。
4.4 預警信息發(fā)布子系統(tǒng)
當評價結果達到預警閾值時,立即以手機短信和電子郵件的方式發(fā)布預警信息,便于相關管理部門及時米取有效措施。
4.4.1管道應變(或應力)預警閩值
基于應變設計的管道,根據(jù)管材、管徑、壁厚及設計內部輸送壓力,可計算出監(jiān)測管道的軸向容許附加應變值,若當前軸向附加應變值達到或超過容許附加應變值的一定比例時即發(fā)出預警;基于應力設計的管道,根據(jù)管材、管徑、壁厚及設計內部輸送壓力,可計算出監(jiān)測管道的軸向容許附加應力值(在彈性范圍內,可將監(jiān)測的軸向附加應變轉換為軸向附加應力),若當前軸向附加應力值達到或超過容許附加應力值的一定比例時即發(fā)出預警。按照當前管道軸向附加應變(或應力)值占相應容許值的不同比例,將管道安全預警級別分為藍色、黃色、紅色3個等級。當管道軸向附加應變(或應力)值達到相應容許值的30%時,發(fā)布藍色預警;達到相應容許值的60%時,發(fā)布黃色預警;達到相應容許值的90%時,發(fā)布紅色預警。
4.4.2地震加速度預警閾值
依據(jù)《油氣輸送管道線路工程抗震技術規(guī)范》(GB 50470—2008),不同活躍程度的地震斷裂帶對管線可能造成的破壞程度差異顯著。一般來說,對管道沿線全新世活動斷裂以及地震峰值加速度大于或等于0.2g的地震斷裂帶要予以重點關注。當?shù)卣鹆叶冗_到0.2g時,即發(fā)出預警信息。
4.5 管道安全監(jiān)測預警系統(tǒng)的應用
目前穿越地震斷裂帶的管道安全監(jiān)測預警系統(tǒng)已部分應用于國內某基于應力設計的天然氣管道穿越牛首山—羅山活動斷裂帶處。監(jiān)測傳感子系統(tǒng)在斷裂帶兩盤及斷裂帶內分別安裝l組管道應變監(jiān)測裝置,以無線遠程遙測方式實時采集穿越斷裂帶的管道應變數(shù)據(jù),并由數(shù)據(jù)管理與處理子系統(tǒng)對監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)進行管理、分析和存儲,實時計算出管道軸向附加應力的變化情況,出現(xiàn)異常即發(fā)布預警。
該處管材為X70鋼,管道直徑為1016mm,管道壁厚為14.6mm,設計內部輸送壓力為l0MPa,按操作和安裝溫差20℃計算的管道容許軸向附加拉、壓縮應力分別為383.72MPa和-147.74MPa,相應的應力預警閾值如表2所示。
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從系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測成果看,自2008年12月至今,應變監(jiān)測Xl、X3截面軸向附加應力未達到過預警閾值;應變監(jiān)測X2截面在2013年4月1 5日因軸向附加壓應力超過容許附加應力的30%,曾出現(xiàn)過l次藍色預警。管道軸向附加應力總體在溫差和輸送內壓作用的合理范圍內波動。相關管道管理部門根據(jù)系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測成果,及時掌握了穿越活動斷裂帶管道的力學狀態(tài)。
監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)輸出的各應變監(jiān)測截面軸向附加應力如圖6所示。
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5 結束語
穿越地震斷裂帶的管道安全監(jiān)測預警系統(tǒng)的設計理念是兼顧災害的主、客體,分別對致災體和承災體開展行之有效的監(jiān)測。系統(tǒng)利用先進的傳感元件和數(shù)據(jù)采集設備,全天候、不間斷地監(jiān)測管道工作狀態(tài),在計算機硬件和軟件系統(tǒng)的支持和控制下,通過對測量和采集的數(shù)據(jù)進行處理和分析,自動評價管線的局部安全狀態(tài),并將監(jiān)測和分析結果自動地存入計算機作為管線運行的歷史檔案。
在管道應變監(jiān)測的基礎上,結合斷層兩盤相對位移、地震加速度監(jiān)測,町以更加準確地了解管道工作狀態(tài)的變化過程,了解管道損傷累積和安全性下降的狀況,為管道維護提供科學依據(jù)。
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